Marketing Mix Analysis of iPad Essay

Official Summary Overseeing and creating showcasing blend fittingly is critical to firm’s promoting and achievement. So as to advertising item effectively, the correct item should be shown to perfect individuals at the ideal spot, right cost and ideal time. In the event that a firm can deal with the advertising blend effectively, accordingly, it very well may be a wellspring of upper hand for firms. Every component of the promoting blend ought to be broke down and if vital, adjusted to guarantee that the correct parity is accomplished to give the item or administration the absolute best possibility of achievement in the commercial center. Mac is an effective organization and its past item iPod has a high piece of the pie in the worldwide market because of its image recognition and picture as s top notch imaginative brand. In 2010, Apple propelled an inventive item †â€Å"iPad† in US, which is a tablet PC with contact screen. Indeed, even in the primary propelling date iPad had been sold 0.3 million units. The item no uncertainty is getting backing of Apple’s brand picture and it has changed the best approach to customer way of life. That is the reason iPad is thought as a progressive who will stimulate a wave to electronic industry. Apple’s iPad conveyed the incentive to the client by means of showcasing blend apparatuses called the 4Ps: * Product looks great and functions admirably. * Right cost. * Right spot at the perfect time. * Successful advancement serves to a bigger yield. Apple followed this by advancement and presenting new items in the market to fulfill consumer’s needs and needs. The current creator here will utilize the hypotheses, ideas of showcasing blend to examination the iPad. The rest of this exposition is organized into five sections. It starts by characterizing advertising blend and its development. Second, it examine the organization, iPad, its rival and buyer. Third, it enlightens the advertising blend by breaking down iPad. At last it closes with the general evaluation and end. Substance 1.Introduction and Definition3 1.1Definition of Marketing3 1.2Definition of Customer Value and Value Proposition3 1.3Definition of Marketing Mix4 2.Description of Apple and iPad4 2.1Brief Introduction of Apple4 2.2Introduction of iPad5 2.3Brief Consumer Profile6 2.4Brief Competitor Profile7 3.Marketing Mix Analysis of iPad7 3.1Product7 3.2Price10 3.3Place12 3.4Promotion14 4.Assessment of Overall Value Delivered16 5.Conclusion16 6.References18 1. Presentation and Definition 2.1 Definition of Marketing â€Å"Marketing is the procedure by which people and gatherings get what they need and need through making and trading items and incentive with others and fashioning associations with customers.† (Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong, 2009). This definition perceives the significance of making a drawn out relationship with clients and recognizes the significance of fulfilling client needs. 2.2 Definition of Customer Value and Value Proposition Customer esteem is the distinction between the qualities that the client gains from claiming and utilizing an item and the expenses of getting the item. Set it forth plainly, client esteem is made when the impression of advantages got from an exchange surpass the expenses of possession. A similar thought can be communicated as a proportion (Chiristopher, 1996): Customer esteem = Perceptions of advantages The meaning of client offer is an all around characterized and powerful showcasing articulation identified with a particular item or administration that subtleties the reasons why a customer would profit by buying it. An offer is the meaning of a firm’s guarantee to make and convey client esteem (Chapelet and Tovstiga, 1998). Fig 1.2.1 A model of significant worth creation and the advertising procedure source: Adapted from Kotler Brown Burton Deans Armstrong, (2010), â€Å"Marketing† eighth Edition Figure 1.2.1 shows a normal model of significant worth creation and the promoting procedure. Put it straightforward, advertising is a procedure cycle which comprises of 5 basic strides as underneath: I. Client purchases or potential client is reached to comprehend the commercial center. ii. Discovering how the client preferred the item or what is required. iii. Dissecting these information and making an arrangement that incorporates objectives, technique and its promoting blend. iv. Execute the arrangement that conveys an incentive to client which results in the customer’s purchasing the item and making client please. v. Rehashing the cycle beginning with step (I) to step (iv) to improve an item sold with a superior arrangement and ceaselessly propping this cycle up. Subsequently, make benefits and client value. 2.3 Definition of Marketing Mix The idea of the Marketing Mix was first made by Neil H. Borden in his article called â€Å"The idea of the Marketing Mix† in 1964. In his article he clarified the significance of a market to attempt to â€Å"mix ingredients† in their procedure in the market so as to be fruitful. E. Jerome McCarthy later assembled these fixings into the four classifications that are known as the 4P’s of advertising (Product, Price, Place and Promotion). Item †What does the client need from the item/administration? Cost †What is the estimation of the item or administration to the purchaser? Spot †Where do purchasers search for the item or administration? Advancement †Where and when can get over the promoting messages to target showcase? 2. Depiction of Apple and iPad 3.4 Brief Introduction of Apple Apple Inc., established in 1976, is an American worldwide organization which is most popular for its equipment and programming items. The equipment items are: Macintosh, iPod, iPhone and iPad. One case of the popular programming of Apple is iTunes, a restrictive media player application that works with iTunes store and permits clients to download music and offers different highlights of buyer hardware. Fortune magazine named Apple as the most appreciated organization in the US in 2008, and on the planet from 2008 to 2012. 3.5 Introduction of iPad On January 27, 2010, Apple presented the eagerly awaited media tablet, the iPad (As appeared in Fig2.2.1). Fig 2.2.1 Introduction of iPad (source: www.apple.com) The iPad measure 9.7 inch wide screen show with multi contact screen with 1024 x 768 goals which is lighter and more slender than some other journals or workstations. Its inside 25 watt-hour battery can approach 10 hours of video, 140 hours of sound playback and one month on reserve as Apple claims. Steve Jobs expressed that, with the presentation of the iPad, Apple had opened a business opportunity for another class of cell phones. (As appeared in Fig 2.2.2) Fig2.2.2 Apple iPad First Hands-on (source: http://www.ipadforums.net) 3.6 Brief Consumer Profile Purchaser market can be characterized as â€Å"all the people and family units who purchase or obtain merchandise and enterprises for individual consumption† and customer purchasing conduct can be characterized as â€Å"the purchasing conduct of conclusive shoppers, people and families who purchase products and ventures for individual consumption† (Kotler, 2009). Table 2.3.1 shows the investigation of market division for iPad. Division BASE| SELECTEDSEGMENTATION VARIABLES| Geographic Segmentation| Region| West Malaysia, east Malaysia| City size| Major metropolitan territories, cities| Thickness of area| Urban| Climate| Hot, moist, rainy| Segment Segmentation| Age| 18-34, 35-49, 50-64| Sex| Male, female| Hitched status| Single, wedded, separated, living together| Income| RM40,000 and over| Education| College, college alumni, postgraduate| Occupation| Professional, white-collar| Psychological| Needs| Sense of self-esteem, fashionable| Personality| Extroverts, curiosity searcher, aggressives| Perception| Low-risk| Learning-involvement| High-involvement| Attitudes| Possitive attitude| Psychographic| Lifestyle| Couch-potatoes, open air fans, status-seekers| Cultures| Malay, Chinese, Indian, and other foreigners| Religion| Muslim, buddhism, hinduism, christian, catholic, and others| Social| Middle, upper| Family| Bachelors, youthful wedded, full nesters, void nesters| Use-Rated Segmentation| Utilization rate| Heavy clients, medium users| Mindfulness status| Aware, intrigued, enthusiastic| Brand loyalty| Strong| Use-Situation Segmentation| Time| Leisure, work, morning, night| Objective| Personal, fun, achievement| Location| Home, work, uber shopping center, restaurant| Person| Self, relatives, companions, peers| Advantage Segmentation| Convenience, social acknowledgment, simple digital book perusing, esteem for-the-cash, service| Table 2.3.1 Market division for iPad From investigation above can see that the majority of Apple’s clients are top of the line customers who have the solid buying power, effectively acknowledge new innovation and they are exceptionally faithful to Apple. 3.7 Brief Competitor Profile Macintosh iPad carry dangers and effect on PC industry somehow or another. On one hand, the hot-sell of iPad pulls in numerous PC producers set foot in this field. So the other tablet PCs will be the greatest contender, for example, Blackberry’s playbook, this is a tablet PC which situated in representative, and it will likewise draw in public’s eyes in view of its huge mixed media work. Then again, the value preferred position of netbook is additionally a test to iPad. After completely contrasted and conventional PC, iPad may not a need. To some business and expert individuals, they will pick the conventional scratch pad as opposed to iPad. 3. Advertising Mix Analysis of iPad As per the data that look from magazines and web, the creator knows numerous data of iPad. The creator here will utilize the speculations, ideas of showcasing blend to examination the iPad. 4.8 Product â€Å"Product implies the merchandise and-ventures mix the organization offers to the objective market. â€Å" (Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong, 2009). The iPad overcomes any issues between PDA and PC, it offers proportional scope of highlights and capacities that a PC does. It has interne

Edgar Allan Poe Essay On The Tell Tale Hart Example For Students

Edgar Allan Poe Essay On The Tell Tale Hart Numerous creators have made incredible commitments to the universe of writing. Imprint Twain acquainted Americans with life on the Mississippi. Thomas Hardy composed on his negative perspectives on the Victorian Age. Another creator that affected writing is Edgar Allan Poe. Poe is known as the dad of the American short story and father of the criminologist story. To comprehend the abstract commitments of Edgar Allan Poe, one must gander at his initial life, his scholarly life, and a synopsis of two of his well known works. Edgar Allan Poe was conceived in Boston (Inglis 505) on January 19, 1809 (Asselineau 409). He was destined to a southern family that were in a voyaging organization of on-screen characters (Inglis 505). His dad, David Poe, was from a Baltimore family. He was an entertainer by calling and an overwhelming consumer. Not long after Edgar Allan Poe was conceived, he left his family. Poes mother, Elizabeth Arnold Poe, was a widow at eighteen years old. Two years after his introduction to the world, she kicked the bucket of tuberculosis (Asselineau 409). At the point when his mom kicked the bucket, Poe was received by John Allan (Perry XI) at the encouraging of Mr. Allans spouse. In 1815, John Allan moved his family to England. While there, Poe was sent to non-public schools (Asselineau 410). In the spring of 1826, Poe entered the University of Virginia. There he contemplated Spanish, French, Italian, and Latin. He had a magnificent educational record. He got into challenges nearly on the double. Mr. Allan didn't give him the cash to pay for his expenses and different necessities. Poe was befuddled and achy to visit the family. He figured out how to play a game of cards and began drinking. Before long he was owing debtors more than 2,000 dollars. Poe found that he was unable to rely on Allan for budgetary help. His temporary dad wouldn't pay his obligations, and Poe needed to pull back from the University (Asselineau 410). In May of 1827, Poe enrolled in the military as a typical warrior. He did this under the name of Edgar A. Perry. He was positioned on Sullivans Island in Charleston Harbor for longer than a year. Poe adjusted to military order and immediately rose to the position of regimental sergeant major. Sooner or later, he became weary of a similar day by day schedule engaged with military life. Poe composed routinely to Mr. Allan. He met with Mr. Allan after the passing of Mrs. Allan in February of 1829. With Allans support, he got his release and enrolled in West Point on July 1, l830 (Asselineau 410). While at West Point, Mr. Allan, who had remarried, proceeded in not providingPoe with enough cash. Poe chose to have himself kicked out of school. Playing hooky and dismissing orders were his answers. He was court-martialed for disregard of obligations in January, 1831, and left West Point the next month (Asselineau 411). Poe was extraordinary in three distinct fields , and in every one he made a notoriety that would give any man a high spot in scholarly history. Poe composed incredible short stories, well known in hisown nation, yet everywhere throughout the world (Robinson V). Hawthorne, Irving, Balzac, Bierce, Crane, Hemingway and different scholars have given us essential short stories; however none has created so incredible various well known and life-changing models, such a large number of stories that proceed, in spite of changing norms to be perused and republished over and over all through the world (Targ VII). Poe was the dad of the advanced short story, and the cutting edge analyst story (Targ VII). Withthe conceivable special case of Guy de Maupassant, no other essayist is so all around known and regarded for so huge of a corpus of magnificent stories as in Edgar Allan Poe (Targ VII).In 1831, Poe prevailing with regards to distributing another release of his sonnets entitled, Poems. Poe was currently in incredible trouble. He went to New York, however could se cure no position there. In the long run he took shelter with his auntie, Mrs. Clemm, in Baltimore. There he chose to look for business and make his living by composing. Neglecting to stand out enough to be noticed with his sonnets, he chose to begin composing short stories. Poe contended in a challenge for the best short story in 1831. The prize was offered by Phil-Saturday Courier. Since he didn't win the prize, Poe began a goal-oriented task. He chose to design a progression of stories told by individuals from a scholarly gathering. He found no distributer forhis stories, and participated in the challenge again in June of 1835. This time he sent one sonnet and six stories (Asselineau 411). His story, Ms. Found in a Bottle, won , and he got one hundred dollars for it (Targ IX). Through the impact of one of the appointed authorities, John P. Kennedy, Poe got utilized as a supervisor of the Southern Literary Messenger, distributed in Richmond (Asselineau 411). Under Poes editorship, the Messenger s flow rose from 500 to 3500. While in Richmond, Poe wedded his cousin, Virginia, who was not quitefourteen years old. Poe was terminated from the Messenger in January of 1837. .u011e3494a008861545830b92a3407ba3 , .u011e3494a008861545830b92a3407ba3 .postImageUrl , .u011e3494a008861545830b92a3407ba3 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u011e3494a008861545830b92a3407ba3 , .u011e3494a008861545830b92a3407ba3:hover , .u011e3494a008861545830b92a3407ba3:visited , .u011e3494a008861545830b92a3407ba3:active { border:0!important; } .u011e3494a008861545830b92a3407ba3 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u011e3494a008861545830b92a3407ba3 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u011e3494a008861545830b92a3407ba3:active , .u011e3494a008861545830b92a3407ba3:hover { haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u011e3494a008861545830b92a3407ba3 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u011e3494a008861545830b92a3407ba3 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .u011e3494a008861545830b92a3407ba3 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u011e3494a008861545830b92a3407ba3 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enhancement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u011e3494a008861545830b92a3407ba3:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u011e3494a008 861545830b92a3407ba3 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u011e3494a008861545830b92a3407ba3-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u011e3494a008861545830b92a3407ba3:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Caretaker by Pinter: A Play Can Be Confrontati EssayPoe then went to New York, where he was fruitless. In the mid year of 1838, he moved to Philadelphia. While in Philadelphia, he filled in as the proofreader of the two Burtons Gentlemans Magazine and Grahams Magazine (Asselineau 412). Despite the fact that he won an onehundred dollar prize for The Gold Bug (Robinson VI), he moved to New York. Poe got a new line of work in New York as an associate proofreader for the Evening Mirror. This was the place The Raven originally showed up on January 29, 1845. The sonnet promptly got the creative mind of people in general and was republished everywhere throughout the nation and even abroad in a wide range of papers and magazines, yet Poe took just a couple of dollars for his sonnets (Asselineau 413). The time of 1845 was a fortunate year for Poe. He distributed an assortment of his Tales and a release of his sonnets named The Raven and Other Poems . He likewise turned into the supervisor of the week by week Broadway Journal. Poe separated when Virginia passed on in January of 1848 ( Asselineau 413). In 1849, Poe kicked the bucket in Baltimore (Targ IX). Rather than truly living, he took shelter from the physical world in the private universe he had always wanted as such in the realm of his stories (Asselineau 413).In the Masque of the Red Death, Poe utilizes his creative mind all through the story (Rogers 43). A plague has crushed the whole nation. It takes just 30 minutes tofor the course of the sickness to run. From the outset one feels sharp agonies and unsteadiness. At that point one beginnings seeping a t the pores. The ailment brings about death. Ruler Prospero has requested one thousand rulers and women to the profound withdrawal of one of his nunneries. The structure was worked by the Prince and is loaded up with his extraordinary decorations. It is fixed from the outside world by an enormous divider with iron doors. Inside the structure are artists, performers, and all that they need so as to remain confined until the plague runs its course. Following a half year of confinement, the Prince chooses to hold a conceal ball. The ball is held in a suite with seven rooms. Each room is designed in a solitary shading. The last room is enlivened in red. Inside this room stands a colossal clock that hits the hour with a substantial thump. The rooms are packed for the ball. At the stroke of 12 PM, a visitor is found in an ensemble of the red passing itself and This alarms different visitors. The Prince is maddened at what he accepts to be a pragmatic joke. He arranges the outsider seized and dangled from the parapets. Sovereign Prospero follows the outsider into the red chamber. It is there that Prince Prospero falls dead at the feet of the outsider. The others catch the obscure individual in the ensemble. To their shock they discover there is no living structure in the ensemble. Individually amazing nobody else remains. Demise is ruler of all (Rogers 41). The repulsiveness appalling obscurity, and absolut

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It exposes the empowerment techniques needed for managers to foster in their employees. It suggests that management empowerment is critical in creating a successful organization. Employee empowerment will incite loyalty and tenure which subsequently will increase productivity. The purpose of adopting and implementing this principle is to promote talent management through human capital investment. 1. What is Empowerment? EmpowermentRead MorePerformance Management System1382 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational Effectiveness. Performance management  (PM) includes activities that ensure that goals are consistently being met in an effective and efficient manner. Performance management can focus on the performance of an organization, a department, employee, or even the processes to build a product or service, as well as many other areas. Performance management as referenced on this page is a broad term coined by Dr.  Aubrey Daniels  in the late 1970s to describe a technology (i.e. science imbedded inRead MoreAflac Case Analysis657 Words   |  3 Pagesintrinsic rewards to its employees The Company uses its own products and services to enhance the total compensation for its employees by focusing on providing value adding programs that would improve employee job satisfaction, support organizational initiatives and provide opportunities for professional development.. Doing so by providing Aflac products to employees at little to no cost such as offering employees paid life insurance, cancer policy, a subsidized accident protection insurance. Providing total

Pollution and Beautiful Sea Corals Free Essays

Pollution Pollution is an issue of concern in the modern world that we live in today. There are many types of pollution, namely air, water and noise. Pollution in our environment will undoubtedly affect our quality of life. We will write a custom essay sample on Pollution and Beautiful Sea Corals or any similar topic only for you Order Now Our naturally beautiful world becoming ugly because it is suffering from the effects of environmental pollution. Pollution can also cause various health problems and other negative effects. Air pollution is caused by the emission of toxic gases from vehicles, factories and open burning. Nowadays, there are more and more vehicles on the road as society gets more affluent. More and more people strive to have a better quality of life by having the convenience of driving to their destinations instead of taking public transportation. Automobiles provides transport to millions people around the world to enable them to travel to their workplace, school and other places, therefore, the air around us is getting more polluted by the carbon dioxide that is emitted. Carbon monoxide is another type of gas which harmful to the environment as it can cause the reduction of oxygen in the bloodstream. Another example of contributor to the air pollution is the manufacturing factories. The manufacturing of products in factories to meet the growing demand of society is also causing air pollution. Factories release toxic gases to the environment. Some factories also use coal to generate heat and energy. As a result from the burning of coal, carbon dioxide is released into the environment. Besides factories, many people are still practising open burning as a way of disposing their household wastes. Although burning our household wastes is a convenient way of getting rid of our rubbish, it is harmful to the environment as it contributes to the worsening of the air quality. As a result, air pollution causes people to suffer from health problems such as chest pain and asthma. In extreme cases, people can contract lung cancer. Water pollution is also a problem that we are currently facing. The marine life is the first to suffer from water pollution as they depend on the nutrients in the water to survive. As a result, we are robbed of beautiful sea corals and unique species of fishes. Besides ruining our marine heritage, the disappearance of marine life will affect the livelihood of fishermen, not to mention our source of food. Water pollution is caused by harmful waster from industries, farms and sewerage systems which are dumped into our sources of water such as rivers and lakes. This irresponsible act contaminates our drinking water and can cause serious health problems and can even culminate in death. Noise pollution is another form of pollution. Noise from heavy machinery and vehicles can cause hearing problems and in extreme cases, deafness. As there is growing number of vehicles on the road, we are exposed to noise pollution every day. The government in advanced countries encourage their citizens to take the public buses and trains by providing an affordable and efficient transportation system. This effort discourages people from driving their private vehicles and consequently reduces the number of vehicles on the road. We must work together to reduce pollution so that the future generations can live in a healthy, unpolluted environment. As the saying goes, precaution is better than cure. Lets hands on hands together by recycle and conserve the world for the better future. How to cite Pollution and Beautiful Sea Corals, Papers

Marketing and Strategy Ansoff Matrix

Question: Describe about the Marketing and Strategy for Ansoff Matrix. Answer: Ansoff Matrix has four dimensions- market development, diversification, market penetration and product development. As this prime objective for this assessment is to sell current product of Brayer's ice cream into the new market of Thailand thus, only the strategy of the market development will be taken into consideration. Reason for choosing Thailand One of the prime reasons is that Asia is a developing continent and targeting a developing market will be beneficial for the organization. Dufrnot and Keddad (2014) depicts in the context of the Bayer's products; they have a strong brand name and excellent advertising and visibility. People across the world are aware of this brand and thus in spite of the presence of other local ice-cream parlors in Thailand, people will opt for a brand compared to existing ice-cream brands. Moreover, people of Thailand are more conscious of their health and thus, there existing products like Lactose-free ice cream," " the Fat and Fat-Free ice-creams will be a great success in Thailand (breyers.com, 2016). Moreover, they also have ice-creams for No Sugar Added ranges. As mentioned by Dufrnot and Keddad (2014), Brayers Ice-cream can also sell their products ate low price to attract more customers in Thailand. In addition to that, Ng et al. (2016) states in the year 2015 the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) is formulated, doing business in Thailand attracts the foreign business. Thailand has become one of the worlds largest foodprocessing industries and provides an excellent opportunity to the business like Brayer's ice cream and expands their connection with western countries like the United States. The concerned country also adopts the Electronic Product Code Information Service (EPCIS)standards to ensure the validity of the food business and their products (Zheng Yu, 2013). Reference List Breyers Ice Cream and Frozen Dairy Desserts. (2016). Breyers. Retrieved 3 December 2016, from https://www.breyers.com/ Dufrnot, G., Keddad, B. (2014). Business cycles synchronization in East Asia: A Markov-switching approach. Economic Modelling, 42, 186-197. Ng, T. H., Low, C. C., Chan, K. H. (2016). The Role of Economic and Financial Developments for Environmental Quality in the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). International Business Management, 10(17), 3878-3883. Zheng, S., Yu, G. (2013). The information discovery service of electronic product code network. In Emerging technologies for information systems, computing, and management (pp. 107-114). Springer New York.

No Child Left Behind The Need to Modify the Law

An Action Plan for Settling Homeless People in Seattle

An Action Plan for Settling Homeless People in Seattle It is evident that Seattle is one of the places with the highest number of homeless people. The government has used a large amount of money in trying to deal with this problem, but no significant changes are yet to be seen.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on An Action Plan for Settling Homeless People in Seattle specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the problem of homelessness in Seattle can effectively be addressed through two major steps. This proposal addresses the steps that can be taken to solve the problem of homelessness in Seattle. What the mayor of Seattle needs to do is increase the supported housing programs that are already going on in the city. This can be done through a number of ways. Firstly, the housing programs can be improved by adding supportive services, which should be done on a long-term basis. Secondly, the office of the mayor should avail comprehensive services that cater for special gr oups such as the poor families with physically challenged members and young children. Thirdly, the community partners who are interested in taking part in reducing homelessness in Seattle should be encouraged to team up. Fourthly, the cost of renting houses in Seattle should be reduced through vouchers and other ways that can allow the poor families to secure rental space (Cnare, 2005).Advertising Looking for case study on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An alternative to the program of increasing supportive housing is to enhance the supply of cheap and affordable shelter in Seattle. The problem of homelessness in Seattle is worsened by the lack of affordable housing units for the poor citizens in the city. The supply of affordable housing can be increased through a number ways. Firstly, this can be achieved through the creation of opportunities for building affordable housing units. Secondly, the currently available affordable housing units should be expanded to accommodate more homeless households. Thirdly, the office of the mayor should work toward ensuring that affordable houses are built and sold to homeless individuals who have access to some money. Fourthly, the existing housing market prices should be subsidized to enable these people to acquire houses (Calavita, 2011). The second way that the problem of homelessness in Seattle can be solved is through the removal of barriers that hinder people from acquiring residential houses.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on An Action Plan for Settling Homeless People in Seattle specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Firstly, the barriers can be reduced by enacting regulations that will prevent unnecessary evictions resulting from defaults in rental fees or mortgage repayments. Secondly, the people should be educated and counseled on financial matters to avoid ca ses of defaults in mortgage payments. Thirdly, the people of Seattle should be supported and assisted socially for them to lead a stable life. This may help them to view life positively and start working harder to make their lives better (Cnare, 2005). An alternative to the program involving the removal of the barriers that hinder the poor from accessing affordable housing is the creation of more job opportunities in Seattle. Unemployment is one of the major causes of homelessness in Seattle. Many people in the city are homeless because they do not have sufficient money to buy or rent a house. In this regard, the office of the mayor needs to create as many job opportunities as possible. These opportunities can be created by reducing the current recommended wage-rate to enable companies and organizations to employ more people to do the same amount of work that they normally do (Calavita, 2011). In conclusion, this action plan proposes a number of strategies that can be used to addres s the problem of homelessness in Seattle. The strategies proposed include job creation, the removal of barriers that hinder people from buying or renting houses and increasing the supply of affordable houses in the city.Advertising Looking for case study on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Calavita, N. (2011). A review of how to house the homeless. Journal of the American Planning Association, 77(3), 298-299. Cnare, N. (2005). United ways three strategies for reducing homelessness in our community. Web.

The Battle of New Orleans Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Battle of New Orleans - Coursework Example The British had elaborated on the attack plan including three major offensives: hitting Washington, New Orleans and striking the US forces from Canada (Hickman). Thus, for the US, the battle was generally preconditioned by the necessity to defend the strategically important city. The British, in their turn, planned to establish control of New Orleans and separate Louisiana from the rest of the US (history.com).   As a result, American armed forces have managed to maintain control over the city with minimal losses compared to Britain’s casualties. The defense of the city organized by Jackson had proved to be strong enough not to let the British penetrate the territory. What is peculiar about the Battle of New Orleans is that it took place already after signing of Ghent peace agreement which took place in Belgium on the 24th of December. However, this information hadn’t reached the warring parties on the American continent by the time the battle started. In accordance with this peculiarity, one could state the battle to be of no use at it took place when America and Britain had already settled their differences. Nevertheless, taking into account the brilliant victory of American army followed by the full withdrawal of British troops, we can claim the battle to be of great significance for strengthening position and potential of the United States on the international stage.   

Congressinal committee hearing simulation Essay

Congressinal committee hearing simulation - Essay Example On provision of temporary work visas, the bill aims at increasing the availability of a workforce that is non-immigrant with the main aim of reinforcing the existing workforce. I therefore suggests adoption of the bill on the basis that it would commit resources necessary to streamline and modernize current immigration legal systems.Similarly,the bill apart from playing a pivotal role in securing the borders would make regulations tough but not punitive program for guest workers in the United States. The bill covers the business and labor aspects that take into consideration future plights of the workforce. It entails the chances of those under worker program being considered for permanent residence application. Under this tittle, issuances of both permanent and temporary visas are covered. It incorporates aspects of AgJOBS and DREAM ACT. This is to cover undocumented people and workers on agricultural sector respectively (Eule 22-25). Eligibility and requirements The bill is compreh ensive under with its guidelines on those who are eligible for immigrant programs and details of requirements. Workers will need to apply for visa considerations if they have been the United States for at least six years. The applicants need to have a clean integrity records and must have not been convicted in more than three occasions. In the same line, applicants should be admissible under the prevailing legislations. However, this group will not be privileged to benefit from Medicaid, affordable care act, and food stamps. It is recommended that those who have had their application pending for the past five years or even more be considered. The nature of the bill and the fact that it directly influences the revenue collection needed by the various State governments motivates me to vote for the guest worker visa program bill. The other reason is that, security concerns with the bill in terms of border security is a matter that can easily be kept in check by the immigration regulati ons with least interference from the new bill. The decision to vote for this bill is purely because of its general and long-term benefits to the state and even to the guest workers. The sensitivity of the bill therefore pushes me to vote without putting many considerations on party lines but purely on personal conviction.Similarly, the issue of temporary visas would make those who previously stayed and work illegally in the United States come up and apply for the temporary visas. This is because there security and stay in the United States would have a legal backing even if it is temporary. It is my contribution that the six-year period placed as the least number of years to qualify for work visa application be amended. Six years is a long time based on the individual’s contribution to the state. These years should therefore be reduced to three. If such an amendment is effected, then it would encourage influx of gifted expertise from other states. This would in turn facilitat e further revenue to the United States government that could be in return invested in other sectors. Additionally, the amendment plays a pivotal role in filling workforce deficits in areas such as the agricultural and economic sector (Eule 71-73).

Penfolds Wine Porters Five and SWOT Analysis

Penfolds Wine Porters Five and SWOT Analysis Penfolds is one of the oldest Australian wine brands, founded in the mid-19th century by the English immigrant and medical doctor Rawson Penfold. Starting with wine growing for medical purposes and the production of fortified wines and brandies, the business has developed very quickly and by 1920, the company already had a 50 per cent market share in Australia. After World War II the company has changed its direction and started producing red table wines with the commencement of white production in 1990. In the same year, the company has been acquired by Southcorp, which made the company the biggest Australian owned wine producer as well as the fifth largest producer in the world. In 2005, Fosters acquired Southcorp. (Calkins, 2005). The analysis of the case study should address the issues that Penfolds is faces and provide recommendations for a marketing strategy to overcome these issues. 1.2 Economic background South Australia has the fifth largest population as well as the fifth largest economy in Australia. As for the wine segment of the economy, the wine cluster, South Australia is the largest producer and exporter of wines in Australia (Nipe et al., 2010). From the 1990s, the wine sector has been growing steadily due to the strong exports. Nevertheless, the rising number of competitors in the low-cost wine segment and the worldwide recession in the recent years challenges the industry. Simultaneously, dominant supermarket giants have gained enormous market power reducing the power of the industry. Furthermore, the changing preferences of consumers and a huge oversupply of wine grapes is a major problem for the wine industry. The oversupply in wine grapes has reduced prices, lowered the profit margins and even got many wine producers to leave the market (Dobie, 2012). The exports have dropped for e.g. in 2010-2011 to 747 million liters compared to 788 million liters in the year 2009 2010 (Figure 1). On the other hand, the demand for wine in the domestic Australian market has been growing steadily since over 20 years and domestic producers mainly supply the market. The imports of wine have risen by 4.2 %, to 67 million liters in 2010-2011 (Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2012). However, to be prepared for the future, the Australian wine sector has to undergo some changes, to stay competitive on the domestic market and to start growth on the export market again. Therefore, the sector has to deal more effectively with the oversupply of grapes and the quality of low cost wines in the key export markets, which has affected the reputation of Australian wines in a negative way (Dobie, 2012). 2. Analysis of the Case study 2.1 Porter five forces analysis The Porter five forces analysis was introduced by Michael E. Porter, which helps to identify and to analyse the competitiveness, profitability and the attractiveness of an Industry (Investopedia, 2012). Therefore, this model should be used for the Penfolds case study to assess the wine industry in Australia and to able to place give adequate recommendations on Penfolds future marketing strategy. Threat of Entry: The threat of entry for new wine producers in Australia is quite high, especially from large global liquor companies (Pugh Fletcher, 2002). Nevertheless, there are some barriers for new entrants in place, as for example the price of land and the high capital investments that are needed for the equipment. Another barrier is the time component, as newly planted wines need several years to grow mature and to be able to be brought to the market on a profit-making basis. This barrier makes the return on investment quite slow and it is only possible by big companies, who can afford waiting on their return (Adamo, 1997). Government regulations on alcohol, like licencing and taxes, existing distribution channels and already existing brands with high loyalty users, are also barriers for new entrants to the wine market in Australia. However, the high profit margins, low entrance costs due to a large number of substitutes will still attract some new producers, although only on a small scale (B lees at al., 2003) Industry Rivalry: The Australian wine industry is subject to high competition with a high number of competitors, which implies that also the price competition is very high. In Australia, there is also a high consolidation of the large brands, which are mainly bought by large global liquor companies, which helps these producers to use their power to undermine the small manufacturers (Pugh Fletcher, 2002) Threat of Substitutes: The threat of substitutes in the wine industry is very high as there is a high amount of other alcoholic beverages on the market. Nevertheless, wine is still the fastest growing segment in the alcohol market. Compared to the rest of the world, Australia has an advantage in the ability to produce innovative high quality wines and to attract new consumers on the export market, as wine can be consumed regardless its aging (Wood and Anderson, 2002). The biggest problem in the area of substitutes is the absence of brand loyalty in the wine industry as most of the beer producers can count on. Therefore, the high amount of other alcoholic products which are more often cheaper in price and an assumed rise of health concerns by the consumers create a high threat of substitutes for the wine industry. Bargaining power of buyers: The wine industrys buyers are categorized into two groups: the distributors and the retailers. Supermarkets, restaurants and clubs most likely represent the buyers of wine. Although this buyer group is able to change their offered brands quite easily, the change is offset by the acquisition of a large product palette from the seller of the company as it ensures lower prices and because the buyers have to be prepared on the various consumer preferences (Adamo, 1997). Nevertheless, the bargaining power of the buyers is relatively high, because the whole market is well crowded, and the securitization of the distribution is even more problematic for the producers when major liquor chains and large supermarkets dominate the major distribution channels in overseas markets (Pugh Fletcher, 2002). Bargaining power of suppliers: The suppliers in the wine industry are the wine growers with their vineyards. Their bargaining power is very low as the global market has been flooded with grapes from different regions of the world and mostly with cheaper grapes than they can be produced in Australia (Davis, 2005). Consequently, there is a very high competition on the grapes market and the oversupply of grapes has given the Australian wineries the opportunity to produce cheaper wine with high quality. (Wood and Anderson, 2002) Because of the absence of differentiation on the raw materials, wine producers have decreased the bargaining power of suppliers significantly. 2.2 SWOT analysis The following SWOT analysis reveals the strengths and weaknesses and well as the external factors for opportunities and threats for Penfolds, which has a major problem as stated in the Case study in the shrinking of the profit and the poor financial return over the last years. Strengths: Penfolds strength is its long lasted reputation for the high standard quality red wine, with a high range of vintage red wines that are very popular among its consumers and which gives the company an overall good reputation for its wine making (Veseth. 2007). The ultra-premium wines are a result of a long lasting tradition of allowing their winemakers to experiment and to research new vines and new wine styles. Moreover, the success in the premium segment is the outcome of a unique style of multi-regional vineyard blending, which means that the development of Penfolds wines is the blending of different wines from different vineyards across South Australia (Caillard, 2007). The company invented a so-called star-system to classify the vineyards and the grape quality of the vineyards, which helps to identify the best blend for a certain category of wine. This system also ensured to solve the principal agent problem, by handing out bonuses to wine growers in line with the quality of thei r grapes (star system) (Wood Andersen. 2002). This unique blending, gives the winemakers more opportunities to broaden the companys portfolio and to differentiate the wines into different categories of wine quality and price. This ensures a high standard of quality and provides the company with an overall market advantage (Caillard, 2007). Weaknesses: The weakness of the Penfolds Company is the affordable and cheap wine section. Especially the cheap wine segment has a poor quality in taste (Calkins, 2005). This triggers the reputation of the whole company into a negative direction and damages the reputation especially in the overseas market, which affects the exports of the company. Moreover, the high competition in the cheap wine segment is reducing the profit margin of the company. The premium red wine section has also weakened in recent years, as it has not the same cachet as it used to have among the premium wine producers (Caillard, 2007) Opportunities: As Penfolds wine portfolio is much focused on the red wines, the opportunities that the company has for the future is to broaden their white wine and sparkling wine portfolio. This would ensure a broader consumer base. This portfolio enlargement would also mean to improve the wine making techniques for the white and sparkling wine. However, not only the white and sparkling wine section needs improvement, but also the winemaking techniques for red wine should be improved to ensure the high quality standard in the premium segment of the wine industry (Wood Andersen, 2002). The biggest opportunity that the company faces at the moment is the market expansion into China. Especially the premium and ultra-premium wine market is well demanded in China and Penfolds already makes the lion share in this market segment (Shaw, 2012). Therefore, the opportunity lies in the expansion of this market and also to build up reputation in one of the biggest economies in the world. The built-up reputatio n could help in the future to export not only the premium wines but also the cheap and affordable wines into China. Threats: The probably biggest threat to Penfolds is the very high competitiveness in the South Australian wine regions, especially in Riverland where low quality wine is produced. Recession makes the ultra-premium wines less affordable and the high Australian dollar makes exports less competitive (Barrett, 2011). Another threat is the current structural oversupply of wine in Australia and therefore low prices, which makes the brand less attractive with its high price level (due to brand name) (Dobie, 2012). The changing consumer preferences can also be a threat to the company especially if it does not react with a broadening of their portfolio, especially in the cheap wine segment. 3. Issues and Problems of Penfolds in the market Derived from the Porters five forces and SWOT analysis it can be said that Penfolds major problems and issues in the Australian and the global market is its segmentation of wine, the world economy and the consumer preferences change. As seen in the SWOT analysis one weakness of the company is the poor quality and the easy substitution of bulk wine, which is due to the fact that the wine demand is relatively elastic. Especially in times of economic instability and a worldwide recession with falling incomes, people tend to switch their preferences towards cheaper products and substitutes for the more expensive premium wines. Penfolds portfolio is now targeted more towards the high-income consumers who can afford a bottle of red wine for $30 or more. The great focus on the US and UK export markets are affected mainly by the worldwide recession and therefore by the change of the consumer preferences in these export markets. In addition, there seems to be a problem with their selection an d grading star system, which leads to bad opinions about the quality of the wine. As mentioned in the SWOT analysis the cachet of some red wine series seem to have lost the cachet of the older wine series. There is no other conclusion to this problem than that the company lacks in their selection process for their wine blends. 4 Alternative Evaluation and Recommendations Concluding the issues and problems of the company, there can be made some recommendations towards a future marketing strategy of the company. First, the company has to broaden their wine portfolio significantly. This recommendation is probably the least problematic as the company already is in the market and just needs to focus in another direction. Another recommendation for Penfolds would be a high promotion of their premium wines in life style magazines or magazines in the business class of airlines. Further, they should focus on a one on one marketing strategy with their current clients. All this would ensure that the company would gain more customers, especially those that are willing to pay more for a bottle of wine. For the premium and ultra-premium wines, the company should try to reduce the supply to the market, so that their product will not become a usual commodity. The prices for the premium wines should also be kept high to ensure the high premium range of the brand. Als o DR should be highly supported from the organization to secure a constant grow of new innovations and technologies. Higher advanced innovations and techniques can help Penfolds in the future to achieve higher margins and better reactions to changing weather conditions without the scarifying the quality of the wine/grapes. In my opinion this strategy of a promotion and DR mix is the most valuable, as it attracts new customers and enhances the wine quality without spending too much of their resources. The problem of Penfolds with the affordable and bulk wine market is that it is not the focus of the company. In order to gain market shares in this segment the company should try to acquire a rival that has a good reputation among the cheap wine segment. In this way, Penfolds would gain more knowledge about this segment and would also have one competitor less. Further, Penfolds would not need to print their brand name (which stands for premium wines) on a bottle of cheap table wine (Halliday, 2012). However, the profit would be Penfolds. By acquiring another rival the company would be also able to be more focused on only one segment of the market and therefore ensure better quality of the high premium wines. This option of a strategy will be the most expensive and probably the least likely, as it needs too much resources in times of a recession and financial problems of the company. Therefore, in my opinion the best strategy to enhance profits and to resolve the issues that Penfolds has is to have a mix of different promotions coupled with a DR enhancement strategy and the exclusion of their bulk wine segment under the brand name of Penfolds.

George :: essays research papers

George B. McClellan came from a well-to-do family. His father was a Doctor, which accounts for George's good education. Also his mother and father where christians serving the Lord, which accounts for his concern for his fellow man. His grandfather was a revolutionary war general, which may account for his going into the military. Since George had concern for his fellow man he was careful while moving his army, the Potomac, to new places. He also always wanted to be well prepared before battle. When George would ask the leaders in Washington for more supplies and men they would turn him down. So he would delay an attack until he thought he was ready for battle. This unfortunately cost him his career in the miltary. After he was out of the military, he was nominated as a presidential candidate, but not surprising to Geoge he lost the election. George wanted to live a normal life after this and due to investments he would be able to live comfortably for a long time. Later he and his family traveled to England and spent three and half years touring all over Europe. While he was in Europe President Lincoln was assassinated, when George heard this news he was devastated. In early October 1885 George had experienced chest pains and on Octob George B. McClellan tried to not to act against his belief in the Lord. He prayed everyday in hope of keeping his family and men safe. He was very concerned about the wellfare of his men. The leaders in Washington did not care for George and his men all they where concerned about is the appearance in the papers about the war and wh at people thought. So soon enough George was asked to step down from his postition. George still kept his faith in the Lord and moved on. Never once did he doubt his belief. If it was not for his strong faith in the Lord he probably would of lived a nonfulfilling life, but since he did keep his faith he lived a long fulfilling life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  George B. Mcllellans life was inspiring to some people. No matter what he kept his faith in the lord through thick and thin. He tried his hardest when going for something and did not give up easily.

Economic Indicators of Oman

Topic: analysis of economic indicators of oman INTRODUCTION Oman,  officially called the  Sultanate  of Oman  is an  Arab  state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the  Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the  United Arab Emirates (UAE) to the northwest,  Saudi Arabia  to the west and  Yemen  to the southwest. The coast is formed by the  Arabian Sea  on the southeast and the  Gulf of Oman  on the northeast.Oman is an absolute monarchy in which the  Sultan of Oman, named Sultan Saeed bin Qaboos,  exercises ultimate authority but its  parliament  has some legislative and oversight powers. In November  2010, the  United Nations Development Programme  (UNDP) listed Oman, from among 135 countries worldwide, as the nation most-improved during the preceding 40  years. According to international indices, it is one of the most developed and stable countries in the  Arab. Oman is a middle-income economy that is heavily dependent on dw indling oil resources.Because of declining reserves and a rapidly growing labor force, Muscat, the capital of Oman has actively pursued a development plan that focuses on diversification, industrialization, and privatization, with the objective of reducing the oil sector's contribution to GDP to 9% by 2020 and creating more jobs to employ the rising numbers of Omanis entering the workforce. Tourism and gas-based industries are key components of the government's diversification strategy.By using enhanced oil recovery techniques, Oman succeeded in increasing oil production, giving the country more time to diversify, and the increase in global oil prices through 2011 provided the government greater financial resources to invest in non-oil sectors. | 2000| 2001| 2002| 2003| 2004| 2005| 2006| 2007| 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| 2012| Unemployment| –| –| –| –| –| –| –| –| –| –| –| –| –| Inflation|  œ 1. 2| -0. 8| -0. 3| 0. 2| 0. 8| 1. 9| 3. 2| 6. 0| 12. 1| 3. 9| 3. 2| 4. 1| –| GDP growth annual (%)| –| –| 2. 6| 0. 3| 3. 4| 4. | 5. 5| 6. 8| 12. 8| 1. 1| 4. 0| 5. 5| –| GDP real growth (%)| 4. 6| 7. 4| 2. 2| 1. 1| 1. 2| 5. 6| 6. 6| 5. 6| 6. 4| 2| 4. 2| 5. 5| –| Reserves (billion US $)| –| –| 3. 173| 3. 593| 3. 597| 4. 358| 5. 014| 9. 523| 11. 582| 12. 203| 13. 025| 14. 366| –| Tax/GDP (%)| –| –| –| –| –| 19. 50| 20. 30| 21. 60| 21. 60| 21. 60| 21. 60| 22. 0| –| Trade/GDP (%)| –| –| 77. 4| 82. 9| 90. 6| 89. 9| 88. 8| 96. 9| 96. 2| 94. 1| –| –| –| External Debt (billion US $)| 4. 8| 4. 5| 5. 3| 5. 7| 5. 97| 4. 81| 4. 36| 4. 26| 5. 3| 6. 88| 7. 06| 8. 83| 9. 5| Saving/GDP (%)| –| –| 40. 2| 39. 4| 38. 1| 50. 5| 49. 0| 47. 2| 51. 0| –| –| –| –| Real Interest Rate(%)| –| –| 10. 8| 1. 0| -2. 9| -11. 1 | -4. 8| 0. 6| -16. 4| 40. 4| -10. 0| -9. 7| | Exchange rate ($)| 0. 38| 0. 38| 0. 38| 0. 38| 0. 38| 0. 38| 0. 38| 0. 38| 0. 38| 0. 38| 0. 38| 0. 38| 0. 38| ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF OMAN Analysis of the Economic Indicators of Oman 1. Unemployment: percent of the labor force that is without jobs Oman has a population of 2. 981 million, which is rising at around 3. 4% a year. Its labor force is just shy of 1 million.There are no up-to-date unemployment figures available for Oman. Unemployment was estimated at 15% in 2004, but it has been dropping as the ‘Omanization’ program continues to roll out, and is forecasted to drop below 10% within the next five years. The policy of Omanisation aims to replace expatriate workers with locals. 2. Inflation: as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly.Despi te high liquidity, inflation remained low in the range of -1% to 1. 9% during 2001 to 2005, but flared up to an annual rate of (12. 6%) in 2008 compared to a (5. 9%) in 2007 due to high import prices for goods priced in Euro, Japanese Yen and British Pound sterling, and the depreciation of the US Dollar against the world major currencies. Oman’s monetary policy focuses on controlling inflation, which has remained generally modest, partly reflecting the openness of the economy. The government controls the prices of many goods and services through subsidies.Moreover, the government does not resort to monetization of its budget deficits, so there is little inflationary pressure from this source. CPI inflation came down to a manageable rate of 3. 5% in 2009 due to wise monetary and fiscal policies of the government. Omani Riyal is pegged to the US Dollar and as the USA is an important source of imports for Oman, it protects prices from some of the pressures of imported inflation from the USA. The yearly rates of consumer price inflation are expected at (3. 9%) and (2. 9%) in 2010 and 2011, respectively. 3.Gross domestic product: GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. A surge in oil prices since 2003 has resulted in a strong growth of Oman’s economy, which has grown almost two and a half times in size during 2002 to 2008. Nominal GDP grew strongly at the rate of 44% to US$60 billion in 2008 compared to US$41. billion in 2007. Nominal GDP shrank by (-10. 9%) to $53. 4 billion in 2009 due to the global financial and economic crisis and the slump in the world oil market. However, nominal GDP is likely to expand by 16. 6% and 8. 9% to US$62. 3 billion and $67. 8 billion in 2010 and 2011, respecti vely. In real terms, the economy grew at the rate of 3. 4% in 2009 compared to 6. 2% in 2008. The economy is expected to pick up and expand at the rate of 4. 7% each in 2010 and 2011 on the back of the expected global economic recovery and increased world oil demand. 4. Total reservesReserves comprise holdings of monetary gold, special drawing rights, reserves of IMF members held by the IMF, and holdings of foreign exchange under the control of monetary authorities. The gold component of these reserves is valued at year-end (December 31) London prices. Data are in current U. S. dollars. Since 1973 the Omani Riyal (RO) has been pegged to the US dollar. After 10. 2% devaluation in January 1986, it has remained at the level of RO: US$2. 60, which is likely to continue in the medium-term. A relatively low inflation and increasingly tight fiscal policy have helped the government maintain this peg.Total reserves excluding gold stood at US$11. 5 billion at the end of 2008 compared to US$9. 5 billion at the end of 2007. Foreign reserves stood at US$ 11 billion in 2009, which are expected at $11. 1 billion and $11. 5 billion by the end of 2010 and 2011, respectively. 5. Tax/GDP Tax revenue refers to compulsory transfers to the central government for public purposes. Certain compulsory transfers such as fines, penalties, and most social security contributions are excluded. Refunds and corrections of erroneously collected tax revenue are treated as negative revenue.Tax as a percentage of GDP is quite low throughout the years because resources are in abundance to generate wealth, hence revenue from tax is low. 6. Trade/GDP Trade is the sum of exports and imports of goods and services measured as a share of gross domestic product. A high portion of gdp is being utilized in trade. OMAN’S MAIN ITEM OF EXPORTS: petroleum, fish, metals, textiles OMAN’S MAIN ITEM OF IMPORTS: machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, livestock, lubricants 7. Exte rnal Debt This entry gives the total public and private debt owed to nonresidents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services.These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i. e. , not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Higher oil prices resulted in huge trade and current account surpluses during 2005 to 2008. A surplus on current account stood at US$ 5. 47 billion (9. 1% of GDP) in 2008 compared to US$2. 59 billion (6. 2% of GDP) in 2007. The economy realized a marginal surplus of $0. 14 billion (0. 3% of GDP) in 2009 due to the global crisis and the slump in the world oil market. However, the economy is expected to realize higher surpluses of $1. 48 billion (2. 4% of GDP) and $2. 4 billion (3. 2% of GDP) in 2010 and 2011, respectively on the back of likely recovery in the global oil market. Bearing in mind the considerable remittances by foreign workers, profit remittances by the foreign partners of Petroleum Development Oman (PDO), as well as those of private sector foreign companies in Oman, there will be a strong positive impact on current account balances. 8. Saving/gdp: shows the ratio of savings and gdp. 9. Real interest rate Interest rate is the cost of borrowing and real interest rate is interest after deducting inflation as measured by the GDP deflator.In 2009, due to the world oil crisis Oman’s economy shrank and therefore its external debt increased as a result there was increase in the cost of borrowing. Therefore the real interest rate rose up to 40% in 2009, also keeping in mind a lower inflation rate of 3. 9%. 10. Exchange rate Exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U. S. dollar).From 1973 to 1986, the rial was pegged to  U. S. dollar  at 1 rial = 2. 895 dollars. In 1986, the rate was changed to 1 rial = 2. 6008 dollars,  which translates to approximately 1 dollar = 0. 384497 rial. The Central Bank buys U. S. dollars at 0. 384 rial, and sell U. S. dollars at 0. 385 rial. Now it is the third highest. Oman has a strong currency which may have the following disadvantages assuming all factors remaining constant: 1. The lower price of imports leads to consumers increasing their demand and this can cause a large trade deficit.Exporters lose  price competitiveness  because they will find it more expensive to sell in foreign markets and face losing market share – this can damage profits and employment in some sectors and industries. 2. If exports fall, this causes a reduction in aggregate demand and reduces the short-term rate economic growth as measured by the % change in real GDP. 3. Because investment is partly dependent on the strength of demand, if exports fall, then so will business confidence and capital investment. SOURCES: 1. http://www. gulfbase. com 2. http://www. index mundi. com 3. http://www. worldbank. org/

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